A bug where memory that's no longer needed is never freed and keeps being consumed.
A bug where a lingering reference keeps an object out of garbage collection's reach, causing unneeded memory to accumulate without ever being freed. Typical patterns include continually adding to a static collection without ever removing old entries, or registering a listener/event handler and never unregistering it -- even in a garbage-collected language, a leak can still happen as long as some reference lingers.
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